Pathology

Inflammation of the achilles tendon.

The lower leg is divided into 4 compartments. Patients with compartment syndrome suffer from increased pressure in one of these compartments, which causes swelling.

Pain on the underside of the heel. Small nodules (of fat) can also be seen on the heels.

Hardening of the connective tissue of the fascia on the underside of the foot. This causes nodules. The hardening itself does not cause pain.

Children often have flexible flat feet, which they are born with. It is recommended to have your child screened around the age of 5. Flexible flat feet can often be corrected using insoles.

The big toe is limited in upward movement (in gait only).

Bony enlargement of the back of the heel.

Deviation of the metatarsophalangeal joint (the joint behind the big toe). The big toe is displaced inwardly (towards the other toes) and a large bump can form.

Frequent inversion sprains.

Inflammation of the tibia due to overuse of muscles, tendons, etc.

Collective term for pain in the forefoot.

Morton's neuralgia is caused by a nerve that is pinched between two foot bones. This causes a stabbing/burning pain.

Inflammation of the tendons on the outside of the ankle.

The arches are very high/pronounced. The muscles of the foot are a little tighter as well. This may cause claw-toe deformity.

Loss of the longitudinal arch and pronation of the heel bone. A flatfoot can be flexible or fixed. A flexible flatfoot is usually linked to the flexibility/laxity of the foot ligaments. At a young age, this can be corrected using insoles.

Inflammation of the tendon on the underside of the foot, which is caused by overuse. Long-term inflammation may lead to calcification of the heel bone. This causes additional bone to be formed in this spot (heel spur). Heel spur is a consequence of plantar fasciitis.

Pain in the small bones behind the big toe.

Inflammation of the heel caused by too much traction of the tendons in this spot. This places too much traction on the growth plates.

The sinus tarsi is a small cavity between two bones on the outside of the foot. A nerve passes through this cavity. When the nerve is pinched between the two bones, this is called sinus tarsi syndrome.

A small fracture of one of the metatarsals. Stress fractures are caused by repeated mechanical stress.

Compression of the nerve that runs along the inside of the ankle. One symptom is a burning sensation in that spot.

Weakening of the tendon that extends towards the big toe.

Weakness of the tendon that passes along the inside of the ankle.

Friction injury to the outside of the knee/upper leg.

A new knee.

Pain on the outside of the knee.

Pain on the inside of the knee.

Inflammation of the tibial tuberosity (bump below the knee, where the patellar tendon attaches). This causes a painful lump below the knee.

Pain in the tendon below the patella caused by overexertion. Common in athletes whose sports involve jumping.

The kneecap does not slide smoothly in its groove during extension and flexion of the knee.

A snapping patella is a partially dislocating patellar tendon.

A bursa is a fluid-filled sac. One of these bursas is located on the outside of the hip. The bursa functions like a pillow and eliminates friction between the femur and the tendon running across it. This bursa can become inflamed.

Pain surrounding the hip joint.

The cartilage in the hip joint is worn.

The femoral head is not sufficiently fixated in the acetabulum. The acetabulum is not shaped correctly.

When the hip hurts during movement, or even rest, and moving is difficult, it is possible to place a new hip. A prosthesis is implanted if the cartilage of the hip joint is too worn, which leads to more symptoms.

Pain in the groin.

A deformity of the femoral head and neck caused by lack of blood flow. The femoral head can die because the blood flow is temporarily cut off.

Pain in the area around the pubic bone.

A snapping sensation in the hip. This is usually painless.

Disc herniation means a herniation of one of the intervertebral discs in the spine. These discs can be found in between the vertebrae. The discs are composed of an outer fibrous ring, and a soft inner portion. If a disc herniates, there is a tear in the outer ring. This allows the soft central portion to bulge out and touch or pinch the spinal nerve. Herniated discs most often occur in the lumbar spine.

Abnormal curvature of the spine.

There is a discrepancy in the length of both legs. There may be a discrepancy in the length of the upper and lower legs. This then causes a pelvic tilt, which in turn often causes neck, back and hip problems.

Pain in the lower back.

When one half of the pelvis does not follow the movement of the other half.

The spine resembles an S, or a C. Scoliosis can be structural or functional. Functional scoliosis is caused by an incorrect foot position. Structural scoliosis is caused by a leg length discrepancy.